gil9red's questions

SQLite3将数据存储在一个或多个文件中（对于WAL模式）并通过复制数据库文件提出了一种解决方案（示例）：

def db_create_backup(
        log: logging.Logger,
        backup_dir=BACKUP_DIR_NAME,
        date_fmt="%Y-%m-%d",
):
    backup_path = Path(backup_dir)

    backup_path_db = backup_path / DB_DIR_NAME.name
    backup_path_db.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

    ...

    zip_name = dt.datetime.today().strftime(date_fmt)
    zip_name = backup_path_db / zip_name

    attempts = 5
    for i in range(attempts):
        try:
            log.info(f"Создание бэкапа базы данных в: {zip_name}")
            shutil.make_archive(zip_name, "zip", DB_DIR_NAME)

            ...

但尽管这种解决方案效率很高，但它还是引起了人们的怀疑——它看起来像自行车拐杖。

是否可以更正确地创建 sqlite3 备份？

我尝试使用Shutil.make_archive从文件而不是文件夹创建存档，因为......在英语堆栈上，有人发布了此解决方案的答案，但在我的存档中，该文件不在根目录中，而是沿着重复其当前路径的路径，例如：

C:\Users\ipetrash\PycharmProjects\SimplePyScripts\sqlite3__examples\databases\backup\backup_2024-07-01.db.zip\Users\ipetrash\PycharmProjects\SimplePyScripts\sqlite3__examples\databases\backup

为了：

import shutil
print(shutil.make_archive(file_name_backup.name, "zip", DIR_DB_BACKUP, file_name_backup))
# C:\Users\ipetrash\PycharmProjects\SimplePyScripts\sqlite3__examples\backup_2024-07-01.db.zip

print(shutil.make_archive(file_name_backup, "zip", DIR_DB_BACKUP, file_name_backup))
# C:\Users\ipetrash\PycharmProjects\SimplePyScripts\sqlite3__examples\databases\backup\backup_2024-07-01.db.zip

我怀疑如果在归档之前更改当前的活动目录，将文件放在根目录下的归档中会有所帮助，但这不是理论，然后返回它...不方便...

解决办法是什么？

我尝试了sql注入，但是没有用。但是，如果您显示查询，则它正在工作。

准备测试代码：

from peewee import *

db = SqliteDatabase('people.db')

class Person(Model):
    name = CharField()

    class Meta:
        database = db

db.connect()
db.create_tables([Person])

for i in range(5):
    Person(name=f'name_{i+1}').save()

query = Person.select().where(Person.name == "123' or '1' = '1")
print(query)
print(len(list(query)))

结果：

SELECT "t1"."id", "t1"."name" FROM "person" AS "t1" WHERE ("t1"."name" = '123' or '1' = '1')
0

如您所见，请求是有效的，但它没有返回任何内容。

让我们尝试相同的查询：

请求有效。

那么peewee实际上传递给数据库驱动程序的是什么？

如何查看此请求？

我有一个工作脚本，根据证书进入公司网站：

PEM_FILE_NAME = str(DIR / 'ipetrash.pem')

headers = {
    'User-Agent': USER_AGENT,
}

rs = requests.post(URL, data=data, headers=headers, cert=PEM_FILE_NAME, verify=False)

但他停止了工作。我怀疑原因是python3.10中的ssl更新

如何解决？

错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\ipetrash\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 699, in urlopen
    httplib_response = self._make_request(
  File "C:\Users\ipetrash\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 382, in _make_request
    self._validate_conn(conn)
  File "C:\Users\ipetrash\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 1010, in _validate_conn
    conn.connect()
  File "C:\Users\ipetrash\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 416, in connect
    self.sock = ssl_wrap_socket(
  File "C:\Users\ipetrash\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\ssl_.py", line 418, in ssl_wrap_socket
    context.load_cert_chain(certfile, keyfile)
ssl.SSLError: [SSL: CA_MD_TOO_WEAK] ca md too weak (_ssl.c:3862)

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\ipetrash\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 439, in send
    resp = conn.urlopen(
  File "C:\Users\ipetrash\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 755, in urlopen
    retries = retries.increment(
  File "C:\Users\ipetrash\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\retry.py", line 574, in increment
    raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, error or ResponseError(cause))
urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='jira.compassplus.ru', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /pa-reports/ (Caused by SSLError(SSLError(398, '[SSL: CA_MD_TOO_WEAK] ca md too weak (_ssl.c:3862)')))

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\ipetrash\PycharmProjects\SimplePyScripts\current_job_report\get_user_and_deviation_hours.py", line 169, in <module>
    name, deviation_hours = get_user_and_deviation_hours()
  File "C:\Users\ipetrash\PycharmProjects\SimplePyScripts\current_job_report\get_user_and_deviation_hours.py", line 159, in get_user_and_deviation_hours
    content = get_report_context()
  File "C:\Users\ipetrash\PycharmProjects\SimplePyScripts\current_job_report\get_user_and_deviation_hours.py", line 74, in get_report_context
    return _send_data(data)
  File "C:\Users\ipetrash\PycharmProjects\SimplePyScripts\current_job_report\get_user_and_deviation_hours.py", line 58, in _send_data
    rs = session.post(URL, data=data)
  File "C:\Users\ipetrash\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 590, in post
    return self.request('POST', url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\ipetrash\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 542, in request
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\ipetrash\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 655, in send
    r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\ipetrash\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 514, in send
    raise SSLError(e, request=request)
requests.exceptions.SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='jira.compassplus.ru', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /pa-reports/ (Caused by SSLError(SSLError(398, '[SSL: CA_MD_TOO_WEAK] ca md too weak (_ssl.c:3862)')))

在python-telegram-bot库中，默认情况下按顺序处理请求。

对于并行工作，使用了一个装饰器@run_async，它必须添加到所有处理函数中，例如：

import threading

from telegram import Update
from telegram.ext import Updater, MessageHandler, Filters, CallbackContext
from telegram.ext.dispatcher import run_async

@run_async
def on_request(update: Update, context: CallbackContext):
    message = update.effective_message
    message.reply_text(f'Thread: {threading.current_thread()}')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    updater = Updater(TOKEN)

    dp = updater.dispatcher
    dp.add_handler(MessageHandler(Filters.text, on_request))

    updater.start_polling()
    updater.idle()

但是从版本13开始，装饰器已被弃用，而是库提供在处理程序中使用同名参数Handler或通过方法运行函数Dispatcher.run_async（这有点不同）：

TelegramDeprecationWarning: The @run_async decorator is deprecated. Use the `run_async` parameter of your Handler or `Dispatcher.run_async` instead.
  return self.callback(update, context)

使用参数run_async=True有效：

import threading

from telegram import Update
from telegram.ext import Updater, MessageHandler, Filters, CallbackContext

def on_request(update: Update, context: CallbackContext):
    message = update.effective_message
    message.reply_text(f'Thread: {threading.current_thread()}')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    updater = Updater(TOKEN)

    dp = updater.dispatcher
    dp.add_handler(MessageHandler(Filters.text, on_request, run_async=True))

    updater.start_polling()
    updater.idle()

但是切换到参数run_async=True而不是装饰器存在问题@run_async

毕竟，您需要在所有受支持的机器人中执行以下操作：

1. 删除装饰器导入from telegram.ext.dispatcher import run_async
2. 删除@run_async所有处理函数中的装饰器
3. 为所有处理程序指定一个参数run_async=True
   • 顺便说一句，这也适用于添加错误处理程序Dispatcher.add_error_handler的方法

有些机器人可以有大约 50 个处理程序。每个处理程序指定该参数的成本很高。当然，你可以离开旧版本，但是如果你想更新版本，那么你可以在这里做什么呢？

如何不那么痛苦地切换到机器人的异步模式？

PS。

可以通过线程的名称来理解单独线程中的处理函数，当f'Thread: {threading.current_thread()}'.

这里没有线程：

Thread: <Thread(Bot:{id бота}:dispatcher, started 772)>

而这个在流中：

Thread: <Thread(Bot:{id бота}:worker:a36abf98-33a8-4c73-8c02-51a3e5241b5e_0, started 26488)>

根据文章，启动文件夹（Startup）可以是所有用户的，也可以是当前用户的，加上它们的位置可以通过注册表来改变，所以需要从注册表中获取它们的路径

可能的方式：

• HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\User Shell Folders\Common Startup
• HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\User Shell Folders\Startup

您需要获取它们的绝对路径和文件夹的路径SystemExplorerDisabled（这是从自动运行中删除的那些文件的文件夹）

在我的一个项目中，我注意到一个问题schedule：

• 我有几个函数在单独的线程中按计划运行（时间不同）
• 但我注意到其中一个函数被同时调用了两次

我抛出了一个最小的例子，问题得到了证实。函数调用确实是重复的

例子：

import threading
import time

import schedule


def run1():
    print('run1', threading.current_thread())
    time.sleep(2)


def run2():
    print('run2', threading.current_thread())
    time.sleep(3)


def run_schedule(timeout, run):
    schedule.every(timeout).seconds.do(run)

    while True:
        schedule.run_pending()
        time.sleep(1)


threading.Thread(target=run_schedule, args=[5, run1]).start()
threading.Thread(target=run_schedule, args=[7, run2]).start()

结论：

run1 run1 <Thread(Thread-1, started 17828)>
<Thread(Thread-2, started 14008)>
run2 <Thread(Thread-2, started 14008)>
run2 <Thread(Thread-1, started 17828)>

如您所见，每个线程调用一次函数，这会导致run_pending

比如让服务器返回客户端的IP

以html形式返回，如何以json和xml形式返回？

import logging
from flask import Flask, request


app = Flask(__name__)
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)


@app.route('/')
def index():
    return request.remote_addr


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(
        host='0.0.0.0',
        port=5000
    )

有一个 QSqlTableModel 的示例（对于QSqlQueryModel ，代码几乎相同）：

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QTableView
from PyQt5.QtSql import QSqlDatabase, QSqlTableModel, QSqlQuery


db = QSqlDatabase.addDatabase('QSQLITE')
db.setDatabaseName('database.sqlite')
if not db.open():
    raise Exception(db.lastError().text())

TABLE = 'word2emoji'
query = QSqlQuery()
query.exec(f'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {TABLE}')
query.next()
TABLE_ROW_COUNT = query.value(0)


def update_window_title():
    mw.setWindowTitle(f'{model.rowCount()} / {TABLE_ROW_COUNT}')


app = QApplication([])

model = QSqlTableModel()
model.rowsInserted.connect(update_window_title)
model.setTable(TABLE)
model.select()

mw = QTableView()
mw.setEditTriggers(QTableView.NoEditTriggers)
mw.setModel(model)
mw.resize(600, 480)
mw.show()

update_window_title()

app.exec()

启动时，从数据库中读取 256 条记录，向下滚动时，会加载新部分

我想控制记录的数量以便显示更少，例如，100

可以通过点击场地来创建球，但为了说明问题，我已经提前创建了 2 个球。

运动时，球可以互相进入，斥力机构起作用，这会改变球的运动矢量，但球可能来不及退出，就会出现挂起。或者用户可以将球粘在一起，它们也将在彼此中。

挂断：

最小的例子：

import math
from random import randint

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPainter, QColor
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt, QPointF, QTimer


class Ball:
    def __init__(self, pos, r=25):
        self.x = pos.x()
        self.y = pos.y()
        self.r = r

        self.dx = self.dy = 0
        while self.dx == 0 and self.dy == 0:
            self.dx = randint(-3, 3)
            self.dy = randint(-3, 3)

        self.color = QColor(randint(0, 255), randint(0, 255), randint(0, 255))

    @property
    def center(self):
        return self.x, self.y

    @property
    def top(self):
        return self.y - self.r

    @property
    def bottom(self):
        return self.y + self.r

    @property
    def left(self):
        return self.x - self.r

    @property
    def right(self):
        return self.x + self.r

    def move(self):
        self.x += self.dx
        self.y += self.dy

    def is_collide(self, other):
        dx = self.x - other.x
        dy = self.y - other.y
        return math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy) < self.r + other.r

    def draw(self, painter):
        painter.setPen(Qt.black)
        painter.setBrush(self.color)

        painter.drawEllipse(QPointF(self.x, self.y), self.r, self.r)


class Window(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.timer = QTimer()
        self.timer.timeout.connect(self._on_timeout)
        self.timer.setInterval(30)
        self.timer.start()

        self.balls = [
            Ball(QPointF(200, 200)),
            Ball(QPointF(220, 220))
        ]

    def _on_timeout(self):
        for ball in self.balls:
            ball.move()

            # Отталкивание от стены
            if ball.left <= 0 or ball.right >= self.width():
                # Возврат шарика, если тот в стене
                if ball.left < 0:
                    ball.x = 0 + ball.r
                if ball.right > self.width():
                    ball.x = self.width() - ball.r

                ball.dx *= -1

            # Отталкивание от стены
            if ball.top <= 0 or ball.bottom >= self.height():
                # Возврат шарика, если тот в стене
                if ball.top < 0:
                    ball.y = 0 + ball.r
                if ball.bottom > self.height():
                    ball.y = self.height() - ball.r

                ball.dy *= -1

        num = len(self.balls)
        # Проверка столкнования шариков
        for i in range(num):
            for j in range(i + 1, num):
                if self.balls[i].is_collide(self.balls[j]):
                    self.balls[i].dx, self.balls[j].dx = self.balls[j].dx, self.balls[i].dx
                    self.balls[i].dy, self.balls[j].dy = self.balls[j].dy, self.balls[i].dy

        self.update()

    def mouseReleaseEvent(self, event):
        ball = Ball(event.pos())
        self.balls.append(ball)
        self.update()
    
    def paintEvent(self, event):
        painter = QPainter(self)
        painter.setRenderHint(QPainter.Antialiasing)

        for ball in self.balls:
            ball.draw(painter)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication([])

    w = Window()
    w.show()

    app.exec()

我认为我们需要确保球在它们设法相互进入的距离内相互排斥，但是算法的想法存在问题。

我扔了它，大约和我想象的一样（红线是球相互进入的距离，箭头是它们矢量的方向）：

UPD。当球在改变矢量之前发生碰撞时，我试图后退一步，但这没有帮助：

    def move_back(self):
        self.x -= self.dx
        self.y -= self.dy
#    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
...

        for i in range(num):
            for j in range(i + 1, num):
                if self.balls[i].is_collide(self.balls[j]):
                    self.balls[i].move_back()
                    self.balls[j].move_back()
#                  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

                    self.balls[i].dx, self.balls[j].dx = self.balls[j].dx, self.balls[i].dx
                    self.balls[i].dy, self.balls[j].dy = self.balls[j].dy, self.balls[i].dy

UPD2。更改向量后更进一步也无济于事：

                    self.balls[i].dx, self.balls[j].dx = self.balls[j].dx, self.balls[i].dx
                    self.balls[i].dy, self.balls[j].dy = self.balls[j].dy, self.balls[i].dy

                    self.balls[i].move()
                    self.balls[j].move()

UPD3。可以部分解决问题，但这是一个狂野的拐杖，当它们相互进入时，球会移动很远，这可能会导致连锁反应。在这里，我试图找出球之间的距离有多大，如果它小于一个半径的值，那么两个球都被赋予了运动：

        # Проверка столкнования шариков
        for i in range(num):
            for j in range(i + 1, num):
                if self.balls[i].is_collide(self.balls[j]):
                    dx = self.balls[i].x - self.balls[j].x
                    dy = self.balls[i].y - self.balls[j].y
                    d = math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy)
                    
                    self.balls[i].dx, self.balls[j].dx = self.balls[j].dx, self.balls[i].dx
                    self.balls[i].dy, self.balls[j].dy = self.balls[j].dy, self.balls[i].dy

                    if d < self.balls[i].r * 1.8:
                        self.balls[i].x += -d * (1 if self.balls[i].dx < 0 else -1)
                        self.balls[i].y += -d * (1 if self.balls[i].dy < 0 else -1)

                        self.balls[j].x += -d * (1 if self.balls[j].dx < 0 else -1)
                        self.balls[j].y += -d * (1 if self.balls[j].dy < 0 else -1)

UPD4。也是一个旁路，但这次是由用户创建球。在这里，在鼠标单击事件中，我们检查新球是否与其他球不相交：

    def mouseReleaseEvent(self, event):
        ball = Ball(event.pos())
        if any(x.has_collide(ball) for x in self.balls):
            return

        self.balls.append(ball)
        self.update()

我有几个从启动时运行的 ConEmu 应用程序（8 个）。我用手将它们转移到第二个桌面，这很不方便。

我想自动将窗口移动到第二个桌面。

最好不要经常有值，而是说，在一段时间内。

X轴问题的本质：

图表创建片段：

      var ctx = document.getElementById("lineChart").getContext("2d");
      var lineChart = new Chart(ctx, {
        type: 'line',
        data: {
          labels: labels,
          datasets: [{
            label: 'Value',
            lineTension: 0,
            borderColor: "#3e95cd",
            data: data,
          }],
        },
        options: {
          scales: {
            xAxes: [{
              type: 'time',
              time: {
                unit: 'day',
                tooltipFormat: 'DD/MM/YYYY HH:mm:ss',
                displayFormats: {
                  day: 'DD/MM'
                }
              },
              distribution: 'linear'
            }]
          },
          tooltips: {
            callbacks: {
              afterLabel: function(tooltipItem, data) {
                return window.value_by_human[tooltipItem.yLabel];
              }
            }
          }
        }
      });
    }

完整示例：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/Chart.js/2.8.0/Chart.bundle.js"></script>

  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap-grid.css">
</head>

<body>

  <div class="container-fluid">
    <div class="row m-2">
      <div class="col table-responsive">
        <table id="people_reacheds" class="table table-hover" style="display:none">
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <th scope="col" class="text-white bg-dark">DATE:</th>

              <td class="date" title="31/12/2020 04:40:21" date_iso="2020-12-31T04:40:21.935162">31/12/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="30/12/2020 08:46:43" date_iso="2020-12-30T08:46:43.711484">30/12/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="24/12/2020 20:09:33" date_iso="2020-12-24T20:09:33.091634">24/12/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="17/12/2020 21:39:33" date_iso="2020-12-17T21:39:33.601907">17/12/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="14/12/2020 23:28:48" date_iso="2020-12-14T23:28:48.422827">14/12/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="07/12/2020 23:28:46" date_iso="2020-12-07T23:28:46.715471">07/12/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="30/11/2020 23:28:44" date_iso="2020-11-30T23:28:44.779245">30/11/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="23/11/2020 23:28:42" date_iso="2020-11-23T23:28:42.873055">23/11/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="16/11/2020 23:28:39" date_iso="2020-11-16T23:28:39.656186">16/11/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="15/11/2020 07:04:26" date_iso="2020-11-15T07:04:26.035520">15/11/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="08/11/2020 07:04:24" date_iso="2020-11-08T07:04:24.615554">08/11/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="01/11/2020 07:04:22" date_iso="2020-11-01T07:04:22.667045">01/11/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="25/10/2020 07:04:20" date_iso="2020-10-25T07:04:20.926777">25/10/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="19/10/2020 18:41:20" date_iso="2020-10-19T18:41:20.984605">19/10/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="12/10/2020 18:41:19" date_iso="2020-10-12T18:41:19.241482">12/10/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="10/10/2020 03:37:29" date_iso="2020-10-10T03:37:29.812292">10/10/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="03/10/2020 03:37:28" date_iso="2020-10-03T03:37:28.622003">03/10/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="01/10/2020 20:36:52" date_iso="2020-10-01T20:36:52.072139">01/10/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="29/09/2020 23:20:36" date_iso="2020-09-29T23:20:36.477150">29/09/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="22/09/2020 23:20:35" date_iso="2020-09-22T23:20:35.457498">22/09/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="15/09/2020 23:20:33" date_iso="2020-09-15T23:20:33.323655">15/09/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="08/09/2020 23:20:30" date_iso="2020-09-08T23:20:30.532326">08/09/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="03/09/2020 09:42:13" date_iso="2020-09-03T09:42:13.429384">03/09/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="27/08/2020 09:42:10" date_iso="2020-08-27T09:42:10.154810">27/08/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="20/08/2020 09:42:08" date_iso="2020-08-20T09:42:08.121289">20/08/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="13/08/2020 09:42:06" date_iso="2020-08-13T09:42:06.618824">13/08/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="11/08/2020 11:26:23" date_iso="2020-08-11T11:26:23.266438">11/08/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="05/08/2020 02:23:43" date_iso="2020-08-05T02:23:43.656755">05/08/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="29/07/2020 02:23:41" date_iso="2020-07-29T02:23:41.906773">29/07/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="28/07/2020 11:13:58" date_iso="2020-07-28T11:13:58.412371">28/07/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="23/07/2020 11:48:07" date_iso="2020-07-23T11:48:07.281745">23/07/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="16/07/2020 11:48:05" date_iso="2020-07-16T11:48:05.935886">16/07/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="09/07/2020 11:48:02" date_iso="2020-07-09T11:48:02.151930">09/07/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="02/07/2020 11:48:00" date_iso="2020-07-02T11:48:00.163430">02/07/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="30/06/2020 02:24:04" date_iso="2020-06-30T02:24:04.733718">30/06/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="28/06/2020 03:58:20" date_iso="2020-06-28T03:58:20.680849">28/06/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="20/06/2020 22:15:35" date_iso="2020-06-20T22:15:35.938966">20/06/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="20/06/2020 03:17:46" date_iso="2020-06-20T03:17:46.741782">20/06/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="19/06/2020 09:34:34" date_iso="2020-06-19T09:34:34.784125">19/06/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="12/06/2020 09:34:33" date_iso="2020-06-12T09:34:33.270590">12/06/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="09/06/2020 09:30:47" date_iso="2020-06-09T09:30:47.568126">09/06/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="02/06/2020 09:30:46" date_iso="2020-06-02T09:30:46.175859">02/06/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="28/05/2020 23:16:36" date_iso="2020-05-28T23:16:36.354410">28/05/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="21/05/2020 23:16:34" date_iso="2020-05-21T23:16:34.626614">21/05/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="15/05/2020 02:23:09" date_iso="2020-05-15T02:23:09.083082">15/05/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="13/05/2020 11:52:16" date_iso="2020-05-13T11:52:16.130476">13/05/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="10/05/2020 12:31:42" date_iso="2020-05-10T12:31:42.618969">10/05/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="06/05/2020 03:10:43" date_iso="2020-05-06T03:10:43.009306">06/05/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="29/04/2020 03:10:41" date_iso="2020-04-29T03:10:41.236857">29/04/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="22/04/2020 03:10:39" date_iso="2020-04-22T03:10:39.274119">22/04/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="17/04/2020 18:12:27" date_iso="2020-04-17T18:12:27.117513">17/04/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="16/04/2020 00:27:37" date_iso="2020-04-16T00:27:37.021293">16/04/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="15/04/2020 21:37:02" date_iso="2020-04-15T21:37:02.737052">15/04/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="08/04/2020 21:37:00" date_iso="2020-04-08T21:37:00.921747">08/04/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="08/04/2020 02:24:51" date_iso="2020-04-08T02:24:51.791654">08/04/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="31/03/2020 23:13:35" date_iso="2020-03-31T23:13:35.115623">31/03/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="24/03/2020 23:13:33" date_iso="2020-03-24T23:13:33.876696">24/03/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="23/03/2020 01:13:03" date_iso="2020-03-23T01:13:03.575580">23/03/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="16/03/2020 01:13:01" date_iso="2020-03-16T01:13:01.631929">16/03/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="09/03/2020 01:13:00" date_iso="2020-03-09T01:13:00.378092">09/03/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="02/03/2020 01:12:58" date_iso="2020-03-02T01:12:58.064142">02/03/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="24/02/2020 01:12:56" date_iso="2020-02-24T01:12:56.776900">24/02/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="18/02/2020 15:35:55" date_iso="2020-02-18T15:35:55.790940">18/02/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="11/02/2020 15:35:53" date_iso="2020-02-11T15:35:53.823624">11/02/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="04/02/2020 15:35:52" date_iso="2020-02-04T15:35:52.352451">04/02/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="03/02/2020 23:32:19" date_iso="2020-02-03T23:32:19.980404">03/02/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="29/01/2020 21:19:55" date_iso="2020-01-29T21:19:55.745535">29/01/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="27/01/2020 03:08:28" date_iso="2020-01-27T03:08:28.967907">27/01/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="22/01/2020 22:41:19" date_iso="2020-01-22T22:41:19.906786">22/01/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="17/01/2020 00:08:45" date_iso="2020-01-17T00:08:45.138537">17/01/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="13/01/2020 21:50:43" date_iso="2020-01-13T21:50:43.761530">13/01/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="07/01/2020 03:28:01" date_iso="2020-01-07T03:28:01.838701">07/01/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="06/01/2020 23:06:19" date_iso="2020-01-06T23:06:19.051112">06/01/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="03/01/2020 13:57:24" date_iso="2020-01-03T13:57:24.987168">03/01/2020</td>

              <td class="date" title="30/12/2019 04:06:02" date_iso="2019-12-30T04:06:02.288590">30/12/2019</td>

              <td class="date" title="27/12/2019 17:28:35" date_iso="2019-12-27T17:28:35.826498">27/12/2019</td>

              <td class="date" title="23/12/2019 23:11:08" date_iso="2019-12-23T23:11:08.050501">23/12/2019</td>

              <td class="date" title="16/12/2019 23:11:06" date_iso="2019-12-16T23:11:06.384122">16/12/2019</td>

              <td class="date" title="11/12/2019 05:33:06" date_iso="2019-12-11T05:33:06.753995">11/12/2019</td>

              <td class="date" title="05/12/2019 10:02:38" date_iso="2019-12-05T10:02:38.337612">05/12/2019</td>

              <td class="date" title="28/11/2019 10:02:36" date_iso="2019-11-28T10:02:36.291164">28/11/2019</td>

              <td class="date" title="21/11/2019 10:02:33" date_iso="2019-11-21T10:02:33.813003">21/11/2019</td>

              <td class="date" title="14/11/2019 06:14:40" date_iso="2019-11-14T06:14:40.750659">14/11/2019</td>

              <td class="date" title="07/11/2019 21:21:10" date_iso="2019-11-07T21:21:10.453900">07/11/2019</td>

            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th scope="col" class="text-white bg-dark">VALUE:</th>

              <td class="value" title="1000000">~1.0m</td>

              <td class="value" title="999000">~999k</td>

              <td class="value" title="991000">~991k</td>

              <td class="value" title="978000">~978k</td>

              <td class="value" title="972000">~972k</td>

              <td class="value" title="959000">~959k</td>

              <td class="value" title="946000">~946k</td>

              <td class="value" title="933000">~933k</td>

              <td class="value" title="920000">~920k</td>

              <td class="value" title="916000">~916k</td>

              <td class="value" title="903000">~903k</td>

              <td class="value" title="891000">~891k</td>

              <td class="value" title="879000">~879k</td>

              <td class="value" title="870000">~870k</td>

              <td class="value" title="859000">~859k</td>

              <td class="value" title="855000">~855k</td>

              <td class="value" title="844000">~844k</td>

              <td class="value" title="842000">~842k</td>

              <td class="value" title="839000">~839k</td>

              <td class="value" title="828000">~828k</td>

              <td class="value" title="818000">~818k</td>

              <td class="value" title="809000">~809k</td>

              <td class="value" title="802000">~802k</td>

              <td class="value" title="795000">~795k</td>

              <td class="value" title="788000">~788k</td>

              <td class="value" title="781000">~781k</td>

              <td class="value" title="779000">~779k</td>

              <td class="value" title="772000">~772k</td>

              <td class="value" title="765000">~765k</td>

              <td class="value" title="764000">~764k</td>

              <td class="value" title="759000">~759k</td>

              <td class="value" title="751000">~751k</td>

              <td class="value" title="743000">~743k</td>

              <td class="value" title="734000">~734k</td>

              <td class="value" title="732000">~732k</td>

              <td class="value" title="729000">~729k</td>

              <td class="value" title="721000">~721k</td>

              <td class="value" title="720000">~720k</td>

              <td class="value" title="719000">~719k</td>

              <td class="value" title="710000">~710k</td>

              <td class="value" title="706000">~706k</td>

              <td class="value" title="696000">~696k</td>

              <td class="value" title="690000">~690k</td>

              <td class="value" title="678000">~678k</td>

              <td class="value" title="666000">~666k</td>

              <td class="value" title="663000">~663k</td>

              <td class="value" title="659000">~659k</td>

              <td class="value" title="652000">~652k</td>

              <td class="value" title="640000">~640k</td>

              <td class="value" title="627000">~627k</td>

              <td class="value" title="619000">~619k</td>

              <td class="value" title="616000">~616k</td>

              <td class="value" title="615000">~615k</td>

              <td class="value" title="602000">~602k</td>

              <td class="value" title="601000">~601k</td>

              <td class="value" title="589000">~589k</td>

              <td class="value" title="578000">~578k</td>

              <td class="value" title="575000">~575k</td>

              <td class="value" title="566000">~566k</td>

              <td class="value" title="556000">~556k</td>

              <td class="value" title="547000">~547k</td>

              <td class="value" title="538000">~538k</td>

              <td class="value" title="531000">~531k</td>

              <td class="value" title="521000">~521k</td>

              <td class="value" title="512000">~512k</td>

              <td class="value" title="511000">~511k</td>

              <td class="value" title="505000">~505k</td>

              <td class="value" title="501000">~501k</td>

              <td class="value" title="496000">~496k</td>

              <td class="value" title="489000">~489k</td>

              <td class="value" title="485000">~485k</td>

              <td class="value" title="479000">~479k</td>

              <td class="value" title="478000">~478k</td>

              <td class="value" title="476000">~476k</td>

              <td class="value" title="474000">~474k</td>

              <td class="value" title="473000">~473k</td>

              <td class="value" title="467000">~467k</td>

              <td class="value" title="459000">~459k</td>

              <td class="value" title="452000">~452k</td>

              <td class="value" title="444000">~444k</td>

              <td class="value" title="435000">~435k</td>

              <td class="value" title="427000">~427k</td>

              <td class="value" title="420000">~420k</td>

              <td class="value" title="414000">~414k</td>

            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="row">
      <div class="col">
        <div class="container">
          <canvas id="lineChart"></canvas>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <script>
    window.value_by_human = new Map();

    function fill_chart(row) {
      window.value_by_human.clear();

      let labels = [];
      let data = [];

      let data_items = $('#people_reacheds > tbody > tr:nth-of-type(1) > td');
      let value_items = $('#people_reacheds > tbody > tr:nth-of-type(2) > td');

      for (let i = 0; i < data_items.length; i++) {
        let td_data = $(data_items[i]);
        let td_value = $(value_items[i]);

        let date_iso = td_data.attr('date_iso');
        let value = parseInt(td_value.attr('title'));

        window.value_by_human[value] = td_value.text();

        labels.push(date_iso);
        data.push({
          x: date_iso,
          y: value
        });
      }

      var ctx = document.getElementById("lineChart").getContext("2d");
      var lineChart = new Chart(ctx, {
        type: 'line',
        data: {
          labels: labels,
          datasets: [{
            label: 'Value',
            lineTension: 0,
            borderColor: "#3e95cd",
            data: data,
          }],
        },
        options: {
          scales: {
            xAxes: [{
              type: 'time',
              time: {
                unit: 'day',
                tooltipFormat: 'DD/MM/YYYY HH:mm:ss',
                displayFormats: {
                  day: 'DD/MM'
                }
              },
              distribution: 'linear'
            }]
          },
          tooltips: {
            callbacks: {
              afterLabel: function(tooltipItem, data) {
                return window.value_by_human[tooltipItem.yLabel];
              }
            }
          }
        }
      });
    }

    $(document).ready(function() {
      fill_chart();
    });
  </script>

</body>

</html>

我有这样一个用于在 YouTube 上搜索的脚本（我在电报机器人中使用它）：

import urllib
import re
import random

link = urllib.parse.urlencode({"search_query": msg})
content = urllib.request.urlopen("https://www.youtube.com/results?" + link)
search_results = re.findall('href=\"\/watch\?v=(.*?)\"', content.read().decode())
if len(search_results) > 0:
    search_results = search_results[0:9:1]
    choice_f = random.choice(search_results)
    yt_link = "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v="+choice_f

他不整洁，他通过正则表达式工作，总的来说，他不是我的:)

现在它没有返回任何东西，我想弄清楚发生了什么变化以及如何修复它。

我想发送联系人和位置，例如，通过 上的按钮ReplyKeyboardMarkup。

最小的例子：

# pip install python-telegram-bot
from telegram import Update, ReplyKeyboardMarkup, KeyboardButton
from telegram.ext import Updater, MessageHandler, CommandHandler, Filters, CallbackContext

import config

...

def on_request(update: Update, context: CallbackContext):
    message = update.message

    message.reply_text(
        'Echo: ' + message.text
    )


def main():
    updater = Updater(
        config.TOKEN,
        use_context=True
    )

    dp = updater.dispatcher

    dp.add_handler(CommandHandler('start', on_start))
    dp.add_handler(MessageHandler(Filters.text, on_request))
    
    updater.start_polling()
    
    updater.idle()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

我将ball_1随机放置在屏幕上，ball_2由鼠标光标控制，如何检查它们是否发生碰撞？

例子：

import sys
import random

import pygame


BLACK = (  0,   0,   0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)


class Ball(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, size, pos=(0, 0), color=WHITE):
        super().__init__()

        self.image = pygame.Surface([size, size], pygame.SRCALPHA)
        pygame.draw.ellipse(self.image, color, [0, 0, size, size])

        # Для правильной работы функции pygame.sprite.Group.draw
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.center = pos


pygame.init()

color = BLACK
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((600, 600))
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
x, y = random.randrange(0, 500), random.randrange(0, 500)

fnt = pygame.font.Font(None, 40)

ball_1 = Ball(size=100, pos=(x, y), color=BLACK)
ball_2 = Ball(size=50, color=BLACK)

balls = pygame.sprite.Group()
balls.add(ball_1)
balls.add(ball_2)


while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            sys.exit()

        elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEMOTION:
            ball_2.rect.center = event.pos
            break

    screen.fill(WHITE)
    balls.draw(screen)

    text = fnt.render("Collision!", True, color)
    screen.blit(text, (260, 20))

    # Как проверить, что ball_1 и ball_2 пересеклись?
    if ...:
        color = BLACK
    else:
        color = WHITE

    pygame.display.update()
    clock.tick(60)

关于主题的问题。

通过get_attribute(name)方法可以获取属性值，但是需要知道它的名字，所以该方法不适合。

作为测试示例，我建议显示input_el元素的所有属性：

# pip install selenium
from selenium import webdriver

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.implicitly_wait(10)  # seconds
driver.get('https://ru.stackoverflow.com/')

input_el = driver.find_element_by_css_selector('input.s-input__search')

我有 Firefox，并且有一个使用 websockets 的网站：http ://websocket.org/echo.html

此外，还需要了解在浏览器和服务器之间的 websocket 上传输了哪些消息。

测试样表：

如何使用 lambda 拆分字符串/列表？

例如：

1.我有一个字符串123-456-789，我为它定义了一个函数lambda x: x == '-'并得到[['1', '2', '3'], ['4', '5', '6'], ['7', '8', '9']]

2.我有一个列表['123', '-', '456', '-', '789']，我为它定义了一个函数lambda x: x == '-'并得到[['123'], ['456'], ['789']]

3.我有一个单词列表，['Сообщество', 'здесь', ',', 'чтобы', 'помочь', 'вам', 'с', 'конкретными', 'проблемами', 'по', 'программированию', ',', 'алгоритмам', ',', 'языкам', 'программирования', '.']我想删除标点符号，所以我设置lambda x: x in ',.'了结果：

[['社区'，'这里']，['to'，'帮助'，'你'，'与'，'具体'，'问题'，'on'，'编程']，['算法'] , ['语言', '编程']]

没有实现的例子：

items = '123-456-789'

parts = split_by_func(items, lambda x: x == '-')
print(parts)
# [['1', '2', '3'], ['4', '5', '6'], ['7', '8', '9']

有一个缺少值的json 。任何嵌套级别都可以，但您需要将所有内容替换null为[].

源json：

{
    "Action-bar": null,
    "Action": "Action",
    "Children": [
        {"Action": null},
        {"Action": true},
        {"Action": "false"},
        {"Action": {"need": null}}
    ],
    "RGB-bar": null
}

import json

genre_translate = json.load(
    open('genre_translate.json', encoding='utf-8')
)
...

需要获得：

{
    "Action-bar": [],
    "Action": "Action",
    "Children": [
        {
            "Action": []
        },
        {
            "Action": true
        },
        {
            "Action": "false"
        },
        {
            "Action": {
                "need": []
            }
        }
    ],
    "RGB-bar": []
}

type函数表明quit和exit是同一个对象：

print(type(quit), type(exit))
# <class '_sitebuiltins.Quitter'> <class '_sitebuiltins.Quitter'>

id函数返回不同的标识符：

print(hex(id(quit)), hex(id(exit)))
# 0x18caae42b70 0x18caae50630

帮助函数返回相同的描述：

Help on Quitter in module _sitebuiltins object:

class Quitter(builtins.object)
 |  Methods defined here:
 |  
 |  __call__(self, code=None)
 |      Call self as a function.
 |  
 |  __init__(self, name, eof)
 |      Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
 |  
 |  __repr__(self)
 |      Return repr(self).
 |  
 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 |  Data descriptors defined here:
 |  
 |  __dict__
 |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
 |  
 |  __weakref__
 |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)

在文档中，这两个函数都有一个共同的描述

quit(code=None)
exit(code=None)

打印时打印消息的对象，例如“使用 quit() 或 Ctrl-D（即 EOF）退出”，并在调用时使用指定的退出代码引发 SystemExit。

但是应该有区别吗？