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winkot
Asked:2024-10-17 01:39:43 +0000 UTC2024-10-17 01:39:43 +0000 UTC

奇怪的布局切换

  • 772

我做了一个布局切换测试：

import win32api
import pyautogui
lcid = win32api.GetKeyboardLayout()
lang_code = hex(lcid & 0xFFFF)
print(lang_code)
pyautogui.hotkey('shift', 'alt')
lcid = win32api.GetKeyboardLayout()
lang_code = hex(lcid & 0xFFFF)
print(lang_code)

但它的工作方式非常奇怪：布局发生了变化，但 Python 没有注意到。

print(lang_code)开关前后输出相同的值。重新启动时，该值会发生变化，但在切换之前和之后仍然保持不变。

这里可能出了什么问题？

python

2 个回答

  1. Best Answer

    看完上面评论的话题后，我去研究enSO，发现了一个有趣的讨论。

    结论：

    操作系统 仅向“顶部活动窗口”发送WM_INPUTLANGCHANGE消息，通知其语言更改。如果应用程序未处于活动状态，则方法调用将始终返回最后一个已知的语言值，该值可能已过时。GetKeyboardLayout

    实际上，针对该问题提出的解决方案在各处都是相同的：

    使用当前活动的窗口进程提取键盘语言。

    最小的例子：

    import time
import ctypes

def get_keyboard_layout():
    
    user32 = ctypes.WinDLL('user32', use_last_error=True)
    # Дескриптор активного окна
    hwnd = user32.GetForegroundWindow()
    # Идентификатор потока из дескриптора окна
    thread_id = user32.GetWindowThreadProcessId(hwnd, None)
    # Идентификатор раскладки клавиатуры из thread_id
    layout_id = user32.GetKeyboardLayout(thread_id)
    # Язык клавиатуры из идентификатора раскладки клавиатуры
    lang_id = layout_id & 0xFFFF
    return "RU" if lang_id == 0x0419 else "EN"

if __name__ == "__main__":
    while True:
        current_layout = get_keyboard_layout()
        print(f'Текущая раскладка клавиатуры: {current_layout}')
        time.sleep(1)

    我借鉴了MessageBox和Language ID的一点想法，并将其全部分组到一个示例中：

    import time
import ctypes
import threading
from tkinter import messagebox, Tk

class KeyboardLayoutWatcher:
    languages = {'0x436' : "Afrikaans - South Africa", '0x041c' : "Albanian - Albania", '0x045e' : "Amharic - Ethiopia", '0x401' : "Arabic - Saudi Arabia",
                 '0x1401' : "Arabic - Algeria", '0x3c01' : "Arabic - Bahrain", '0x0c01' : "Arabic - Egypt", '0x801' : "Arabic - Iraq", '0x2c01' : "Arabic - Jordan",
                 '0x3401' : "Arabic - Kuwait", '0x3001' : "Arabic - Lebanon", '0x1001' : "Arabic - Libya", '0x1801' : "Arabic - Morocco", '0x2001' : "Arabic - Oman",
                 '0x4001' : "Arabic - Qatar", '0x2801' : "Arabic - Syria", '0x1c01' : "Arabic - Tunisia", '0x3801' : "Arabic - U.A.E.", '0x2401' : "Arabic - Yemen",
                 '0x042b' : "Armenian - Armenia", '0x044d' : "Assamese", '0x082c' : "Azeri (Cyrillic)", '0x042c' : "Azeri (Latin)", '0x042d' : "Basque",
                 '0x423' : "Belarusian", '0x445' : "Bengali (India)", '0x845' : "Bengali (Bangladesh)", '0x141A' : "Bosnian (Bosnia/Herzegovina)", '0x402' : "Bulgarian",
                 '0x455' : "Burmese", '0x403' : "Catalan", '0x045c' : "Cherokee - United States", '0x804' : "Chinese - People's Republic of China", 
                 '0x1004' : "Chinese - Singapore", '0x404' : "Chinese - Taiwan", '0x0c04' : "Chinese - Hong Kong SAR", '0x1404' : "Chinese - Macao SAR", '0x041a' : "Croatian",
                 '0x101a' : "Croatian (Bosnia/Herzegovina)", '0x405' : "Czech", '0x406' : "Danish", '0x465' : "Divehi", '0x413' : "Dutch - Netherlands", '0x813' : "Dutch - Belgium",
                 '0x466' : "Edo", '0x409' : "English - United States", '0x809' : "English - United Kingdom", '0x0c09' : "English - Australia", '0x2809' : "English - Belize",
                 '0x1009' : "English - Canada", '0x2409' : "English - Caribbean", '0x3c09' : "English - Hong Kong SAR", '0x4009' : "English - India", '0x3809' : "English - Indonesia",
                 '0x1809' : "English - Ireland", '0x2009' : "English - Jamaica", '0x4409' : "English - Malaysia", '0x1409' : "English - New Zealand", '0x3409' : "English - Philippines",
                 '0x4809' : "English - Singapore", '0x1c09' : "English - South Africa", '0x2c09' : "English - Trinidad", '0x3009' : "English - Zimbabwe", '0x425' : "Estonian",
                 '0x438' : "Faroese", '0x429' : "Farsi", '0x464' : "Filipino", '0x040b' : "Finnish", '0x040c' : "French - France", '0x080c' : "French - Belgium",
                 '0x2c0c' : "French - Cameroon", '0x0c0c' : "French - Canada", '0x240c' : "French - Democratic Rep. of Congo", '0x300c' : "French - Cote d'Ivoire",
                 '0x3c0c' : "French - Haiti", '0x140c' : "French - Luxembourg", '0x340c' : "French - Mali", '0x180c' : "French - Monaco", '0x380c' : "French - Morocco",
                 '0xe40c' : "French - North Africa", '0x200c' : "French - Reunion", '0x280c' : "French - Senegal", '0x100c' : "French - Switzerland", 
                 '0x1c0c' : "French - West Indies", '0x462' : "Frisian - Netherlands", '0x467' : "Fulfulde - Nigeria", '0x042f' : "FYRO Macedonian", '0x083c' : "Gaelic (Ireland)",
                 '0x043c' : "Gaelic (Scotland)", '0x456' : "Galician", '0x437' : "Georgian", '0x407' : "German - Germany", '0x0c07' : "German - Austria", '0x1407' : "German - Liechtenstein",
                 '0x1007' : "German - Luxembourg", '0x807' : "German - Switzerland", '0x408' : "Greek", '0x474' : "Guarani - Paraguay", '0x447' : "Gujarati", '0x468' : "Hausa - Nigeria",
                 '0x475' : "Hawaiian - United States", '0x040d' : "Hebrew", '0x439' : "Hindi", '0x040e' : "Hungarian", '0x469' : "Ibibio - Nigeria", '0x040f' : "Icelandic",
                 '0x470' : "Igbo - Nigeria", '0x421' : "Indonesian", '0x045d' : "Inuktitut", '0x410' : "Italian - Italy", '0x810' : "Italian - Switzerland", '0x411' : "Japanese",
                 '0x044b' : "Kannada", '0x471' : "Kanuri - Nigeria", '0x860' : "Kashmiri", '0x460' : "Kashmiri (Arabic)", '0x043f' : "Kazakh", '0x453' : "Khmer", '0x457' : "Konkani",
                 '0x412' : "Korean", '0x440' : "Kyrgyz (Cyrillic)", '0x454' : "Lao", '0x476' : "Latin", '0x426' : "Latvian", '0x427' : "Lithuanian", '0x043e' : "Malay - Malaysia",
                 '0x083e' : "Malay - Brunei Darussalam", '0x044c' : "Malayalam", '0x043a' : "Maltese", '0x458' : "Manipuri", '0x481' : "Maori - New Zealand", '0x044e' : "Marathi",
                 '0x450' : "Mongolian (Cyrillic)", '0x850' : "Mongolian (Mongolian)", '0x461' : "Nepali", '0x861' : "Nepali - India", '0x414' : "Norwegian (Bokmål)", 
                 '0x814' : "Norwegian (Nynorsk)", '0x448' : "Oriya", '0x472' : "Oromo", '0x479' : "Papiamentu", '0x463' : "Pashto", '0x415' : "Polish", '0x416' : "Portuguese - Brazil",
                 '0x816' : "Portuguese - Portugal", '0x446' : "Punjabi", '0x846' : "Punjabi (Pakistan)", '0x046B' : "Quecha - Bolivia", '0x086B' : "Quecha - Ecuador", 
                 '0x0C6B' : "Quecha - Peru", '0x417' : "Rhaeto-Romanic", '0x418' : "Romanian", '0x818' : "Romanian - Moldava", '0x419' : "Russian", '0x819' : "Russian - Moldava",
                 '0x043b' : "Sami (Lappish)", '0x044f' : "Sanskrit", '0x046c' : "Sepedi", '0x0c1a' : "Serbian (Cyrillic)", '0x081a' : "Serbian (Latin)", '0x459' : "Sindhi - India",
                 '0x859' : "Sindhi - Pakistan", '0x045b' : "Sinhalese - Sri Lanka", '0x041b' : "Slovak", '0x424' : "Slovenian", '0x477' : "Somali", '0x042e' : "Sorbian", 
                 '0x0c0a' : "Spanish - Spain (Modern Sort)", '0x040a' : "Spanish - Spain (Traditional Sort)", '0x2c0a' : "Spanish - Argentina", '0x400a' : "Spanish - Bolivia",
                 '0x340a' : "Spanish - Chile", '0x240a' : "Spanish - Colombia", '0x140a' : "Spanish - Costa Rica", '0x1c0a' : "Spanish - Dominican Republic", 
                 '0x300a' : "Spanish - Ecuador", '0x440a' : "Spanish - El Salvador", '0x100a' : "Spanish - Guatemala", '0x480a' : "Spanish - Honduras", '0xe40a' : "Spanish - Latin America",
                 '0x080a' : "Spanish - Mexico", '0x4c0a' : "Spanish - Nicaragua", '0x180a' : "Spanish - Panama", '0x3c0a' : "Spanish - Paraguay", '0x280a' : "Spanish - Peru",
                 '0x500a' : "Spanish - Puerto Rico", '0x540a' : "Spanish - United States", '0x380a' : "Spanish - Uruguay", '0x200a' : "Spanish - Venezuela", '0x430' : "Sutu",
                 '0x441' : "Swahili", '0x041d' : "Swedish", '0x081d' : "Swedish - Finland", '0x045a' : "Syriac", '0x428' : "Tajik", '0x045f' : "Tamazight (Arabic)", 
                 '0x085f' : "Tamazight (Latin)", '0x449' : "Tamil", '0x444' : "Tatar", '0x044a' : "Telugu", '0x041e' : "Thai", '0x851' : "Tibetan - Bhutan", 
                 '0x451' : "Tibetan - People's Republic of China", '0x873' : "Tigrigna - Eritrea", '0x473' : "Tigrigna - Ethiopia", '0x431' : "Tsonga", '0x432' : "Tswana",
                 '0x041f' : "Turkish", '0x442' : "Turkmen", '0x480' : "Uighur - China", '0x422' : "Ukrainian", '0x420' : "Urdu", '0x820' : "Urdu - India", '0x843' : "Uzbek (Cyrillic)",
                 '0x443' : "Uzbek (Latin)", '0x433' : "Venda", '0x042a' : "Vietnamese", '0x452' : "Welsh", '0x434' : "Xhosa", '0x478' : "Yi", '0x043d' : "Yiddish", '0x046a' : "Yoruba",
                 '0x435' : "Zulu", '0x04ff' : "HID (Human Interface Device)"
                 }

    def __init__(self):
        self.current_language = None
        self.root = Tk()  
        self.root.withdraw()  
        self.root.attributes('-topmost', True) # Поверх других окон для наглядности

    def get_keyboard_layout(self):
        user32 = ctypes.WinDLL('user32', use_last_error=True)
        hwnd = user32.GetForegroundWindow()
        thread_id = user32.GetWindowThreadProcessId(hwnd, None)
        layout_id  = user32.GetKeyboardLayout(thread_id)
        lang_id = layout_id  & 0xFFFF # lang_id  = layout_id & (2 ** 16 - 1)
        language_id_hex = hex(lang_id) 

        if language_id_hex in self.languages.keys():
            return self.languages[language_id_hex]
        else:
            return str(language_id_hex)

    def handle_current_language(self):
        new_language = self.get_keyboard_layout()
        if self.current_language != new_language:
            self.current_language = new_language
            messagebox.showinfo("Изменение раскладки", f"Текущая раскладка клавиатуры: {self.current_language}")

    def watch_language(self):
        while True:
            self.handle_current_language()
            time.sleep(0.5)

    def start(self):
        threading.Thread(target=self.watch_language, daemon=True).start()
        self.root.mainloop()  

if __name__ == "__main__":
    watcher = KeyboardLayoutWatcher()
    watcher.start()

    在此输入图像描述

    有点令人失望的是，Windows 没有API来获取当前布局（全局），并且您需要在焦点窗口中导航。但如果你看得更远一点，问题就变得显而易见了。

    import time
import ctypes

def get_keyboard_layout():
    user32 = ctypes.WinDLL('user32', use_last_error=True)
    layout_id = user32.GetKeyboardLayout(0)
    lang_id = layout_id & 0xFFFF
    return "RU" if lang_id == 0x0419 else "EN"
    

if __name__ == "__main__":
    while True:
        current_layout = get_keyboard_layout()
        print(f'Текущая раскладка клавиатуры: {current_layout}')
        time.sleep(1)

    可能会出现问题：为什么这段代码在控制台程序中运行时总是返回相同的布局（开始），即使布局发生了变化？

    回答： 问题是控制台应用程序不允许处理Windows 消息。

    因此，您必须创建自己的窗口并在那里处理 WM_INPUTLANGCHANGE消息，该消息在键盘布局更改时触发 - 根据找到的材料--one--、--two--我们有一个示例：

    import ctypes
import win32gui
import win32con
import win32api

def get_keyboard_layout():
    user32 = ctypes.WinDLL('user32', use_last_error=True)
    layout_id = user32.GetKeyboardLayout(0)
    lang_id = layout_id & 0xFFFF
    return "RU" if lang_id == 0x0419 else "EN"

class MyWindow:
    def __init__(self):
        wc = win32gui.WNDCLASS()
        wc.lpfnWndProc = self.wnd_proc  
        wc.lpszClassName = "MyWindowClass"
        wc.hInstance = win32api.GetModuleHandle(None)
        self.class_atom = win32gui.RegisterClass(wc)
        
        self.hwnd = win32gui.CreateWindow(
            self.class_atom,
            "Current language",
            win32con.WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 
            100, 100, 200, 100,  
            0, 0, wc.hInstance, None
        )
        
        self.h_textbox = win32gui.CreateWindowEx(
            0,
            "EDIT",
            "",
            win32con.WS_CHILD | win32con.WS_VISIBLE | win32con.WS_BORDER | win32con.ES_MULTILINE,
            10, 10, 150, 50,  
            self.hwnd,
            0,
            wc.hInstance,
            None
        )

        self.current_layout = get_keyboard_layout()  
        self.update_textbox()  

    def update_textbox(self):
        win32gui.SetWindowText(self.h_textbox, f"Язык ввода: {self.current_layout}")
        print(f"Язык ввода {self.current_layout}")

    def wnd_proc(self, hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam):
        if msg == win32con.WM_INPUTLANGCHANGE:
            self.current_layout = get_keyboard_layout()
            self.update_textbox()  
        return win32gui.DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam)

    def run(self):
        win32gui.ShowWindow(self.hwnd, win32con.SW_SHOW)
        win32gui.UpdateWindow(self.hwnd)
        while True:
            win32gui.PumpWaitingMessages()  

if __name__ == "__main__":
    window = MyWindow()
    window.run()

    但即便如此，只有当焦点（或焦点返回）在我们的窗口上时，布局才会改变。

    PS也许我错过了一些东西或者没有正确理解它，请随时在评论中纠正它，我会添加到答案中。

    • 4

  2. 如何确定当前布局，如果是非英语，则切换到它？这是一个现成的控制台脚本（适用于 Windows；请注意，退出程序后，Windows 将返回其环境中的布局）：

    import os
import ctypes
import keyboard

print("-" * 50 + "\nПереключение текущей раскладки клавиатуры на английскую:\n" + "-" * 50)

while ctypes.WinDLL("user32", use_last_error=True).GetKeyboardLayout(0) & 0xFFFF != 1033:
 keyboard.send("ctrl+shift") # или keyboard.send("alt+shift")

os.system("pause")
    • -1

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