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问题[python-3.x]

Martin Hope
Николай
Asked: 2025-03-30 00:17:14 +0000 UTC
  • 5

我刚刚在我的笔记本电脑上安装了 linux mint 22.1 cinnamon，并使用命令“apt install python3-library”安装了 pygame 和 pyqt5。我在下载 pylrc 时写了这段代码，但是没有用——它说没有这样的包。

该怎么办？我应该换一种写法吗？

python-3.x
Martin Hope
Fedor Pasynkov
Asked: 2025-03-12 02:45:02 +0000 UTC
  • 4

我正在尝试使用 Python 中的 TwitchIO 2.10.0 库设置 Twitch 机器人。主要问题是OAuth身份验证的正确配置。

特别感兴趣的是：

  1. 如何在 Twitch 开发者控制台中注册应用程序
  2. 机器人的基本功能需要哪些范围（权限）
  3. 如何获取access_token和refresh_token
  4. 如何实现 token 过期自动续订

我将非常感激能够提供关于设置机器人这一部分的带有代码示例的分步指南。

python-3.x
Martin Hope
dvr2d2
Asked: 2025-02-16 19:39:16 +0000 UTC
  • 4

我是一名自学成才的初级程序员。我遇到了以下困难：我无法代表机器人向频道（其中机器人自然是管理员）发送带有附加内联按钮的消息来打开 Web 应用程序。发生错误：错误请求：BUTTON_TYPE_INVALID

此外，当通过私人消息发送代码时，它**可以**正常工作。我不明白这有什么困难。我附上了代码

chan = номер канала / id телеги чтобы в личку летело
chan_win_post = 'проверка проверковна'
board_app = types.InlineKeyboardMarkup(row_width=1)
url = types.InlineKeyboardButton(text='РАБОТАЙ', web_app=types.WebAppInfo('ссылка на веб_ап'))
board_app.add(url)
bot.send_message(chat_id=chan, text=chan_win_post, parse_mode="HTML", reply_markup=board_app)
python-3.x
Martin Hope
AsLimbo
Asked: 2025-02-15 14:59:40 +0000 UTC
  • 11

尝试在Python的不同变体中重现竞争条件。以下是一个例子：

import threading, time
count = 0

def counter():
    global count
    c = count # 100 потоков одновременно изменили переменную c, присвоив ей значение count + 1, то есть 0+1 = 1
    time.sleep(0.1) # потоки заснули
    count = c + 1 # Потоки проснулись и просто присвоили переменной count значение 0+1 100 раз.
    print(count) # печать count после повторного присвоения единицы.

for t in range(100):
    thr = threading.Thread(target=counter)
    thr.start()

（修改）
这里100个线程进入函数，给变量counter赋值，然后睡眠0.1秒。在睡眠状态下，线程会释放GIL，这就是它们随后尝试同时增加的原因。然而，问题不在于线程捕获相同的状态。事实上，在给定的例子中，变量 count 不能以任何方式改变，因为变量始终等于 1，并且每个线程进入第 135 行，只是将2 分配给该变量，这是始终的事实的结果。这里没有竞争条件——GIL 成功阻止多个线程获取锁。我们得到以下输出：countccount = c + 1count = 0ccountcount = 2

#...
# 1
# 1
# 1
# 1
# 1
# 1
# 1
# 1

然后我尝试稍微改变一下这个功能：

import threading, time
count = 0

def counter():
    global count
    time.sleep(0.1)
    count = count + 1
    print(count)

for t in range(100):
    thr = threading.Thread(target=counter)
    thr.start()

与前一种情况相比，这里唯一的区别是，我们不是创建中间变量，而是count用其自身增加它。除此之外，一切都一样——100 个线程进入该函数，休眠 0.1 秒，这会导致GIL被释放，并且变量会增加count = count + 1。但是，竞争条件并没有发生！结论：

#...
# 94
# 95
# 96
# 97
# 98
# 99
# 100

变量count等于100，为什么会出现这种情况？看起来增量操作 += 是原子的。也就是说，可以假设在这个例子中，由于字节码级别操作的原子性，GIL 不允许多个线程同时工作。

python-3.x
Martin Hope
Evilitself
Asked: 2024-12-18 21:17:37 +0000 UTC
  • 5

不断给出错误“sqlalchemy.orm.exc.DetachedInstanceError：实例 <User at 0x2d790022f70> 未绑定到会话；属性刷新操作无法继续（此错误的背景位于：https://sqlalche.me/e/20/ bhk3）”。我不知道如何摆脱它，但用户并没有从数据库中删除。我附上了一些代码，可能会帮助您解决这个问题。

@router1.message(Form.waiting_for_deletion_number)
async def process_delete_input(message: types.Message, state: FSMContext):
if message.text == 'Назад':
    await back(message, state)
    return
phone_number = message.text.strip()

if not is_valid_phone_number(phone_number):
    await message.answer("Номер телефона должен начинаться с '+'.")
    return

user = await rq.get_user_by_number(phone_number)
if user:
    tg_id = user.tg_id  
    fio = user.fio     
    user_deleted = await rq.delete_user_by_number(phone_number, tg_id, fio)
if user_deleted:
    await message.answer(f"Сотрудник с номером {phone_number} успешно удален.")
else:
    await message.answer(f"Сотрудник с номером {phone_number} не найден.")

await state.clear()  # Завершаем состояние после удаления

我使用此代码作为管理处理程序。要从数据库中删除，编写以下代码：

async def get_user_by_number(number: str):
    async with async_session() as session:  
        async with session.begin(): 
            result = await session.execute(select(User).filter(User.number == number))
            return result.scalar_one_or_none() 

async def delete_user_by_number(number: str, tg_id: int, fio: str):
    async with async_session() as session:
        async with session.begin():
        # Извлекаем пользователя из базы данных
            user_to_delete = await session.scalar(
                select(User).where(User.tg_id == tg_id, User.number == number, User.fio == fio)
        )

        if user_to_delete:
            # Обновляем экземпляр (если он был отсоединен)
            await session.refresh(user_to_delete)
            await session.delete(user_to_delete)
            await session.commit()
            return True
        
        return False

应该是找到的号码的行在数据库中被完全删除（即有关用户的所有数据）

DetachedInstanceError: Instance <User at 0x2d790022f70> is not bound to a Session; attribute refresh operation cannot proceed (Background on this error at: https://sqlalche.me/e/20/bhk3)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Evilitself\OneDrive\Рабочий стол\Тг бот\.venv\lib\site-packages\aiogram\dispatcher\dispatcher.py", line 309, in _process_update
    response = await self.feed_update(bot, update, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Evilitself\OneDrive\Рабочий стол\Тг бот\.venv\lib\site-packages\aiogram\dispatcher\dispatcher.py", line 158, in feed_update
    response = await self.update.wrap_outer_middleware(
  File "C:\Users\Evilitself\OneDrive\Рабочий стол\Тг бот\.venv\lib\site-packages\aiogram\dispatcher\middlewares\error.py", line 25, in __call__
    return await handler(event, data)
  File "C:\Users\Evilitself\OneDrive\Рабочий стол\Тг бот\.venv\lib\site-packages\aiogram\dispatcher\middlewares\user_context.py", line 56, in __call__
    return await handler(event, data)
  File "C:\Users\Evilitself\OneDrive\Рабочий стол\Тг бот\.venv\lib\site-packages\aiogram\fsm\middleware.py", line 42, in __call__
    return await handler(event, data)
  File "C:\Users\Evilitself\OneDrive\Рабочий стол\Тг бот\.venv\lib\site-packages\aiogram\dispatcher\event\telegram.py", line 121, in trigger
    return await wrapped_inner(event, kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Evilitself\OneDrive\Рабочий стол\Тг бот\.venv\lib\site-packages\aiogram\dispatcher\event\handler.py", line 43, in call
    return await wrapped()
  File "C:\Users\Evilitself\OneDrive\Рабочий стол\Тг бот\.venv\lib\site-packages\aiogram\dispatcher\dispatcher.py", line 276, in _listen_update
    return await self.propagate_event(update_type=update_type, event=event, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Evilitself\OneDrive\Рабочий стол\Тг бот\.venv\lib\site-packages\aiogram\dispatcher\router.py", line 146, in propagate_event
    return await observer.wrap_outer_middleware(_wrapped, event=event, data=kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Evilitself\OneDrive\Рабочий стол\Тг бот\.venv\lib\site-packages\aiogram\dispatcher\router.py", line 141, in _wrapped
    return await self._propagate_event(
  File "C:\Users\Evilitself\OneDrive\Рабочий стол\Тг бот\.venv\lib\site-packages\aiogram\dispatcher\router.py", line 174, in _propagate_event
    response = await router.propagate_event(update_type=update_type, event=event, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Evilitself\OneDrive\Рабочий стол\Тг бот\.venv\lib\site-packages\aiogram\dispatcher\router.py", line 146, in propagate_event
    return await observer.wrap_outer_middleware(_wrapped, event=event, data=kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Evilitself\OneDrive\Рабочий стол\Тг бот\.venv\lib\site-packages\aiogram\dispatcher\router.py", line 141, in _wrapped
    return await self._propagate_event(
  File "C:\Users\Evilitself\OneDrive\Рабочий стол\Тг бот\.venv\lib\site-packages\aiogram\dispatcher\router.py", line 166, in _propagate_event
    response = await observer.trigger(event, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Evilitself\OneDrive\Рабочий стол\Тг бот\.venv\lib\site-packages\aiogram\dispatcher\event\telegram.py", line 121, in trigger
    return await wrapped_inner(event, kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Evilitself\OneDrive\Рабочий стол\Тг бот\.venv\lib\site-packages\aiogram\dispatcher\event\handler.py", line 43, in call
    return await wrapped()
  File "C:\Users\Evilitself\OneDrive\Рабочий стол\Тг бот\app\handler_admin.py", line 92, in process_delete_input
    tg_id = user.tg_id
  File "C:\Users\Evilitself\OneDrive\Рабочий стол\Тг бот\.venv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\attributes.py", line 566, in __get__
    return self.impl.get(state, dict_)  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
  File "C:\Users\Evilitself\OneDrive\Рабочий стол\Тг бот\.venv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\attributes.py", line 1086, in get
    value = self._fire_loader_callables(state, key, passive)
  File "C:\Users\Evilitself\OneDrive\Рабочий стол\Тг бот\.venv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\attributes.py", line 1116, in _fire_loader_callables
    return state._load_expired(state, passive)
  File "C:\Users\Evilitself\OneDrive\Рабочий стол\Тг бот\.venv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\state.py", line 803, in _load_expired
  File "C:\Users\Evilitself\OneDrive\Рабочий стол\Тг бот\.venv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\attributes.py", line 1116, in _fire_loader_callables
    return state._load_expired(state, passive)
  File "C:\Users\Evilitself\OneDrive\Рабочий стол\Тг бот\.venv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\attributes.py", line 1116, in _fire_loader_callables
    return state._load_expired(state, passive)
  File "C:\Users\Evilitself\OneDrive\Рабочий стол\Тг бот\.venv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\state.py", line 803, in _load_expired
    self.manager.expired_attribute_loader(self, toload, passive)
  File "C:\Users\Evilitself\OneDrive\Рабочий стол\Тг бот\.venv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\loading.py", line 1603, in load_scalar_attributes
    raise orm_exc.DetachedInstanceError(
sqlalchemy.orm.exc.DetachedInstanceError: Instance <User at 0x2d790022f70> is not bound to a Session; attribute refresh operation cannot proceed (Background on this error at: https://sqlalche.me/e/20/bhk3)
python-3.x