全部问题

我正在使用来自 YouTube 的视频和 websocket 创建聊天，一切都会很好，但是当我使用 websocket 编写类本身并导入模型进行连接时，会出现有关注册此模型的错误。我已经完成了所有内容，检查了 INSTALLED_APPS，并尝试在模型中的 Meta 中指示应用程序，但没有任何帮助。

问题在于模型本身在此文件中的导入，因为在其他文件中一切正常。这是日志：

Starting ASGI/Daphne version 4.1.2 development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.
Exception in thread django-main-thread:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python313\Lib\threading.py", line 1041, in _bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
    ~~~~~~~~^^
  File "C:\Python313\Lib\threading.py", line 992, in run
    self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\mixa2\Desktop\Web\env\Lib\site-packages\daphne\management\commands\runserver.py", line 153, in get_application
    return ASGIStaticFilesHandler(get_default_application())
                                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
  File "C:\Users\mixa2\Desktop\Web\env\Lib\site-packages\daphne\management\commands\runserver.py", line 29, in get_default_application
    module = importlib.import_module(path)
  File "C:\Python313\Lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 88, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1387, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1360, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1331, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 935, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 1026, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 488, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "C:\Users\mixa2\Desktop\Web\webProject\webProject\asgi.py", line 21, in <module>
    from apps.chat import routing
  File "C:\Users\mixa2\Desktop\Web\webProject\apps\chat\routing.py", line 2, in <module>
    from .consumers import ChatroomConsumers
  File "C:\Users\mixa2\Desktop\Web\webProject\apps\chat\consumers.py", line 5, in <module>
    from .models import GroupMessage, ChatGroup
  File "C:\Users\mixa2\Desktop\Web\webProject\apps\chat\models.py", line 5, in <module>
    class ChatGroup(models.Model):
    ...<3 lines>...
            return self.group_name
  File "C:\Users\mixa2\Desktop\Web\env\Lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 134, in __new__
    raise RuntimeError(
    ...<3 lines>...
    )
RuntimeError: Model class apps.chat.models.ChatGroup doesn't declare an explicit app_label and isn't in an application in INSTALLED_APPS.

这是有问题的文件本身：

import json
from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404

from .models import GroupMessage, ChatGroup

class ChatroomConsumers(WebsocketConsumer):
    def connect(self):
        self.user = self.scope['user']
        self.chatroom_name = self.scope['url_route']['kwargs']['chatroom_name']
        self.chatroom = get_object_or_404(ChatGroup, group_name=self.chatroom_name)
        self.accept()

    def receive(self, text_data):
        text_data_json = json.loads(text_data)
        body = text_data_json['body']

        message = GroupMessage.objects.create(
            body = body,
            author = self.user,
            group = self.chatroom
        )

好吧，模型本身：

class ChatGroup(models.Model):
    group_name = models.CharField(max_length=128, unique=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.group_name

好吧，从设置连接asgi

ASGI_APPLICATION = 'webProject.asgi.application'

已安装的应用程序：

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    "daphne",
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'crispy_forms',
    "crispy_bootstrap5",
    'debug_toolbar',
    "django_htmx",

    'mainMenu.apps.MainMenuConfig',
    'novella.apps.NovellaConfig',
    'authenticate.apps.AuthenticateConfig',
    'quiz.apps.QuizConfig',
    'chat.apps.ChatConfig'
]

我将非常感谢任何建议）

您需要从网络摄像头拍摄照片并保存

请帮我完成机器人。这个阶段会报错：

c:\Users\Klim\Desktop\NewBot.py:96: RuntimeWarning: coroutine 'main' was never awaited main() RuntimeWarning: Enable tracemalloc to get the object allocation traceback

这是代码：

import requests
import logging
from telegram import Update
from telegram.ext import ApplicationBuilder, CommandHandler, ContextTypes, MessageHandler, filters
import asyncio

# Включаем логирование
logging.basicConfig(format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s',
                    level=logging.INFO)

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# Конфигурация
TOKEN = 'YOUR_TELEGRAM_BOT_TOKEN'  # Замените на фактический токен вашего бота
REGION = 'ru'                       # Регион, например, 'eu'

# Используем словарь для хранения отслеживаемых параметров для каждого чата
chat_data = {}

async def start(update: Update, context: ContextTypes.DEFAULT_TYPE) -> None:
    await update.message.reply_text('Привет! Я бот для отслеживания аукционных лотов. '
                                    'Используйте команду /track <item> <price> для начала отслеживания, '
                                    'например: /track helmet 150')


async def check_auctions(context: ContextTypes.DEFAULT_TYPE) -> None:
    chat_id = context.job.context
    if chat_id not in chat_data or not chat_data[chat_id].get('item') or not chat_data[chat_id].get('price_threshold'):
        return

item = chat_data[chat_id]['item']
price_threshold = chat_data[chat_id]['price_threshold']
previous_lots = chat_data[chat_id].get('previous_lots', [])
 
url = f"https://eapi.stalcraft.net/{REGION}/auction/{item}/lots"
try:
    response = requests.get(url)
    response.raise_for_status()  # Raise HTTPError for bad responses (4xx or 5xx)
    data = response.json()

    if 'data' in data and data['data']:
        lots = data['data']
        for lot in lots:
            if lot['price'] <= price_threshold and lot not in previous_lots:
                await context.bot.send_message(chat_id=chat_id, text=f"Новый лот найден: {lot}")
                previous_lots.append(lot)
        
        if len(previous_lots) > 10:
            previous_lots.pop(0)


        chat_data[chat_id]['previous_lots'] = previous_lots
    else:
        logger.warning(f"No data found for item: {item} in chat_id: {chat_id}")

except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
    logger.error(f"Error fetching auction data: {e} for chat_id: {chat_id}")
except ValueError as e:
    logger.error(f"Error parsing json response {e} for chat_id: {chat_id}")



async def track_item(update: Update, context: ContextTypes.DEFAULT_TYPE) -> None:
    chat_id = update.message.chat.id
    try:
        item = context.args[0]
        price_threshold = int(context.args[1])
    except (IndexError, ValueError):
        await update.message.reply_text('Пожалуйста, используйте команду /track <item> <price>, например: /track helmet 150')
        return
    
    if chat_id not in chat_data:
        chat_data[chat_id] = {}

    chat_data[chat_id]['item'] = item
    chat_data[chat_id]['price_threshold'] = price_threshold
    chat_data[chat_id]['previous_lots'] = [] # reset previous lots if we are starting a new tracking

    
    if 'job' in chat_data[chat_id] and chat_data[chat_id]['job']:
            chat_data[chat_id]['job'].schedule_removal()  # Remove the existing job if one exists
    
    job = context.job_queue.run_repeating(check_auctions, interval=10, first=0, context=chat_id)
    chat_data[chat_id]['job'] = job
    await update.message.reply_text(f'Начинаю отслеживание лотов для предмета {item} по цене не выше {price_threshold}!')

async def main() -> None:
    app = ApplicationBuilder().token(TOKEN).build()

    app.add_handler(CommandHandler("start", start))
    app.add_handler(CommandHandler("track", track_item))

    await app.run_polling()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main() 

预先感谢您的帮助。

亲爱的程序员们大家好！

请告诉我一个excel-vba代码的例子，你如何通过“选择文件”或“打开包含文件的文件夹”窗口顶部的按钮，通过调用的对话框（下图示例）给出用户有机会以这种方式指定文件列表。这些文件显示在窗口的中央，例如列表框中。接下来，单击“开始”按钮启动适用于此列表的特定过程。

提前致谢！

var s1 = string.Format("{0}{1}", "abc", "cba");
var s2 = "abc" + "cba";
Console.WriteLine(s2.GetHashCode());
var s3 = "abccba";
Console.WriteLine(s3.GetHashCode());

Console.WriteLine(s1 == s2);
Console.WriteLine((object)s1 == (object)s2);
Console.WriteLine(s2 == s3);
Console.WriteLine((object)s2 == (object)s3);

• 最后一行最终会输出到控制台的是什么？为什么？到目前为止的答案是：真、假、真和？？？