低音问题

我正在尝试编译此代码：

/*
    BASS simple console player
    Copyright (c) 1999-2015 Un4seen Developments Ltd.
*/

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#define BASSDEF(f) (WINAPI *f) // define the functions as pointers
#include "bass.h"

#ifdef _WIN32 // Windows
#include <conio.h>
#else // OSX/Linux
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define Sleep(x) usleep(x*1000)

int _kbhit()
{
    int r;
    fd_set rfds;
    struct timeval tv={0};
    struct termios term,oterm;
    tcgetattr(0,&oterm);
    memcpy(&term,&oterm,sizeof(term));
    cfmakeraw(&term);
    tcsetattr(0,TCSANOW,&term);
    FD_ZERO(&rfds);
    FD_SET(0,&rfds);
    r=select(1,&rfds,NULL,NULL,&tv);
    tcsetattr(0,TCSANOW,&oterm);
    return r;
}
#endif

// display error messages
void Error(const char *text) 
{
    printf("Error(%d): %s\n",BASS_ErrorGetCode(),text);
    BASS_Free();
    exit(0);
}

void ListDevices()
{
    BASS_DEVICEINFO di;
    int a;
    for (a=1;BASS_GetDeviceInfo(a,&di);a++) {
        if (di.flags&BASS_DEVICE_ENABLED) // enabled output device
            printf("dev %d: %s\n",a,di.name);
    }
}

void main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    DWORD chan,act,time,level;
    BOOL ismod;
    QWORD pos;
    int a,device=-1;

    printf("Simple console mode BASS example : MOD/MPx/OGG/WAV player\n"
            "---------------------------------------------------------\n");

    // check the correct BASS was loaded
    if (HIWORD(BASS_GetVersion())!=BASSVERSION) {
        printf("An incorrect version of BASS was loaded");
        return;
    }

    for (a=1;a<argc;a++) {
        if (!strcmp(argv[a],"-l")) {
            ListDevices();
            return;
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[a],"-d") && a+1<argc) device=atoi(argv[++a]);
        else break;
    }
    if (a!=argc-1) {
        printf("\tusage: contest [-l] [-d #] <file>\n"
            "\t-l = list devices\n"
            "\t-d = device number\n");
        return;
    }

    // initialize output device
    if (!BASS_Init(device,44100,0,0,NULL))
        Error("Can't initialize device");

    // try streaming the file/url
    if ((chan=BASS_StreamCreateFile(FALSE,argv[argc-1],0,0,BASS_SAMPLE_LOOP))
        || (chan=BASS_StreamCreateURL(argv[argc-1],0,BASS_SAMPLE_LOOP,0,0))) {
        pos=BASS_ChannelGetLength(chan,BASS_POS_BYTE);
        if (BASS_StreamGetFilePosition(chan,BASS_FILEPOS_DOWNLOAD)!=-1) {
            // streaming from the internet
            if (pos!=-1)
#ifdef _WIN32
                printf("streaming internet file [%I64d bytes]",pos);
#else
                printf("streaming internet file [%lld bytes]",pos);
#endif
            else
                printf("streaming internet file");
        } else
#ifdef _WIN32
            printf("streaming file [%I64d bytes]",pos);
#else
            printf("streaming file [%lld bytes]",pos);
#endif
        ismod=FALSE;
    } else {
        // try loading the MOD (with looping, sensitive ramping, and calculate the duration)
        if (!(chan=BASS_MusicLoad(FALSE,argv[argc-1],0,0,BASS_SAMPLE_LOOP|BASS_MUSIC_RAMPS|BASS_MUSIC_PRESCAN,1)))
            // not a MOD either
            Error("Can't play the file");
        { // count channels
            float dummy;
            for (a=0;BASS_ChannelGetAttribute(chan,BASS_ATTRIB_MUSIC_VOL_CHAN+a,&dummy);a++);
        }
        printf("playing MOD music \"%s\" [%u chans, %u orders]",
            BASS_ChannelGetTags(chan,BASS_TAG_MUSIC_NAME),a,(DWORD)BASS_ChannelGetLength(chan,BASS_POS_MUSIC_ORDER));
        pos=BASS_ChannelGetLength(chan,BASS_POS_BYTE);
        ismod=TRUE;
    }

    // display the time length
    if (pos!=-1) {
        time=(DWORD)BASS_ChannelBytes2Seconds(chan,pos);
        printf(" %u:%02u\n",time/60,time%60);
    } else // no time length available
        printf("\n");

    BASS_ChannelPlay(chan,FALSE);

    while (!_kbhit() && (act=BASS_ChannelIsActive(chan))) {
        // display some stuff and wait a bit
        level=BASS_ChannelGetLevel(chan);
        pos=BASS_ChannelGetPosition(chan,BASS_POS_BYTE);
        time=BASS_ChannelBytes2Seconds(chan,pos);
#ifdef _WIN32
        printf("pos %09I64u",pos);
#else
        printf("pos %09llu",pos);
#endif
        if (ismod) {
            pos=BASS_ChannelGetPosition(chan,BASS_POS_MUSIC_ORDER);
            printf(" (%03u:%03u)",LOWORD(pos),HIWORD(pos));
        }
        printf(" - %u:%02u - L ",time/60,time%60);
        if (act==BASS_ACTIVE_STALLED) { // playback has stalled
            printf("-- buffering : %05u --",(DWORD)BASS_StreamGetFilePosition(chan,BASS_FILEPOS_BUFFER));
        } else {
            for (a=27204;a>200;a=a*2/3) putchar(LOWORD(level)>=a?'*':'-');
            putchar(' ');
            for (a=210;a<32768;a=a*3/2) putchar(HIWORD(level)>=a?'*':'-');
        }
        printf(" R - cpu %.2f%%  \r",BASS_GetCPU());
        fflush(stdout);
        Sleep(50);
    }
    printf("                                                                             \r");

    // wind the frequency down...
    BASS_ChannelSlideAttribute(chan,BASS_ATTRIB_FREQ,1000,500);
    Sleep(300);
    // ...and fade-out to avoid a "click"
    BASS_ChannelSlideAttribute(chan,BASS_ATTRIB_VOL,-1,200);
    // wait for slide to finish
    while (BASS_ChannelIsSliding(chan,0)) Sleep(1);

    BASS_Free();
}

此示例开箱即用。我只是从自己添加的

#define BASSDEF(f) (WINAPI* f) // define the functions as pointers

否则它不会。启动程序后，没有打开窗口，它立即崩溃。gdb写入

Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x00000000 in ?? ()

(gdb) bt
#0  0x00000000 in ?? ()
#1  0x004015c1 in main (argc=1, argv=0xdc15b0) at qks.c:68

即使这个例子也不起作用：

#define BASSDEF(f) (WINAPI *f)
#include "bass.h"

int main() {
    BASS_Init(-1, 44100, 0, 0, NULL);
}

我这样编译：

gcc.exe -m32 -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -lbass -mwindows qks.c -o qks.exe

操作系统- Windows 10 x64；海湾合作委员会-4.9.2

UPD

进展甚微。该程序编译并成功完成：

#include <windows.h>
#include <commctrl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#define BASSDEF(f) (WINAPI *f)
#include "bass.h"

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) {
    (void) hPrevInstance, (void) lpCmdLine, (void) nCmdShow;

    HINSTANCE bass=LoadLibrary("bass.dll"); // load BASS
    BASS_Init=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_Init"); // get BASS_Init
    BASS_Init(-1,44100,0,NULL,NULL) // call BASS_Init
}

以下是文档中写的内容：

缺点是您必须使用该功能手动导入您使用的每个GetProcAddress功能。但是通过使用BASSDEF #define. 这是一个小例子：

#define BASSDEF(f) (WINAPI *f) // define the functions as pointers
#include "bass.h" ... HINSTANCE bass=LoadLibrary("BASS.DLL"); // load BASS
BASS_Init=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_Init"); // get BASS_Init
BASS_Init(-1,44100,0,hWnd,NULL); // call BASS_Init

但是，当我尝试获取其他函数的地址时，我收到一个警告：

warning: assignment from incompatible pointer type
  BASS_GetVersion=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_GetVersion");

如果您调用此函数（或任何其他函数），则SIGSEGV.

更新 2

如果将main这些行添加到正文的开头，则上面的示例有效：

HINSTANCE bass=LoadLibrary("bass.dll"); // load BASS
BASS_Init=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_Init"); // get BASS_Init
BASS_GetVersion=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_GetVersion");
BASS_Free=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_Free");
BASS_SetVolume=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_SetVolume");
BASS_SetConfig=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_SetConfig");
BASS_SampleFree=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_SampleFree");
BASS_SampleLoad=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_SampleLoad");
BASS_SampleGetChannel=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_SampleGetChannel");
BASS_ChannelPlay=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_ChannelPlay");
BASS_ChannelStop=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_ChannelStop");
BASS_GetVolume=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_GetVolume");
BASS_GetVersion=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_GetVersion");
BASS_GetCPU=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_GetCPU");
BASS_Pause=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_Pause");
BASS_Start=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_Start");
BASS_MusicFree=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_MusicFree");
BASS_MusicLoad=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_MusicLoad");
BASS_ChannelSetAttribute=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_ChannelSetAttribute");
BASS_StreamCreateFile=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_StreamCreateFile");
BASS_ErrorGetCode=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_ErrorGetCode");
BASS_StreamCreateURL=GetProcAddress(bass, "BASS_StreamCreateURL");
BASS_ChannelGetLength=GetProcAddress(bass, "BASS_ChannelGetLength");
BASS_StreamGetFilePosition=GetProcAddress(bass, "BASS_StreamGetFilePosition");
BASS_ChannelGetAttribute=GetProcAddress(bass, "BASS_ChannelGetAttribute");
BASS_ChannelGetTags=GetProcAddress(bass, "BASS_ChannelGetTags");
BASS_ChannelGetLength=GetProcAddress(bass, "BASS_ChannelGetLength");
BASS_ChannelBytes2Seconds=GetProcAddress(bass, "BASS_ChannelBytes2Seconds");
BASS_ChannelIsActive=GetProcAddress(bass, "BASS_ChannelIsActive");
BASS_ChannelGetLevel=GetProcAddress(bass, "BASS_ChannelGetLevel");
BASS_ChannelGetPosition=GetProcAddress(bass, "BASS_ChannelGetPosition");
BASS_ChannelSlideAttribute=GetProcAddress(bass, "BASS_ChannelSlideAttribute");

一大“ BUT ”：从命令行运行时播放声音（cmd.exe，ConEmu），但没有文字信息。那些。我运行程序，它在后台运行，输入提示立即出现在终端：

user@LAPTOP-OIQUIP0K C:\Users\user\Documents\Projects\sound 
> qks.exe -d -1 "C:\Users\user\Music\Radiohead\Creep.mp3"   

user@LAPTOP-OIQUIP0K C:\Users\user\Documents\Projects\sound 
>             

但是，所有文本信息（声音也可以）出现在内置控制台中SublimeText 3：

C:\Users\user\Documents\Projects\sound>qks.exe -d -1 "C:\Users\user\Music\Radiohead\Creep.mp3" 
Simple console mode BASS example : MOD/MPx/OGG/WAV player
---------------------------------------------------------
streaming file [41587200 bytes] 3:55
pos 000000136 - 0:00 - L ------------- ------------- R - cpu 0.00%  
pos 000005944 - 0:00 - L ------------- ------------- R - cpu 0.00%  
pos 000014808 - 0:00 - L ------------- ------------- R - cpu 0.00%  
pos 000023728 - 0:00 - L ------------- ------------- R - cpu 0.00%  
pos 000032628 - 0:00 - L ------------- ------------- R - cpu 0.07%  
pos 000041584 - 0:00 - L ---********** **********--- R - cpu 0.07%  
pos 000050496 - 0:00 - L -----******** ********----- R - cpu 0.14%  
pos 000059536 - 0:00 - L -----******** *********---- R - cpu 0.14%  
pos 000068572 - 0:00 - L -----******** *********---- R - cpu 0.19%  
pos 000077544 - 0:00 - L -----******** ********----- R - cpu 0.19%  
pos 000086464 - 0:00 - L -----******** *********---- R - cpu 0.25%  
pos 000095364 - 0:00 - L -----******** ********----- R - cpu 0.25%
...

编译器信息（gcc -v）：

Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc.exe
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=c:/mingw64/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/4.8.1/lto-wrapper.exe
Target: x86_64-w64-mingw32
Configured with: ../../../src/gcc-4.8.1/configure --build=x86_64-w64-mingw32 --enable-targets=all --enable-languages=ada,c,c++,fortran,lto,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libgomp --enable-lto --enable-graphite --enable-cxx-flags=-DWINPTHREAD_STATIC --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-threads=posix --enable-version-specific-runtime-libs --enable-fully-dynamic-string --enable-libstdcxx-threads --enable-libstdcxx-time --with-gnu-ld --disable-werror --disable-nls --disable-win32-registry --prefix=/mingw64tdm --with-local-prefix=/mingw64tdm --with-pkgversion=tdm64-2 --with-bugurl=http://tdm-gcc.tdragon.net/bugs
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.8.1 (tdm64-2)

调试：

user@LAPTOP-OIQUIP0K C:\Users\user\Documents\Projects\sound
> gdb.exe qks.exe
GNU gdb (GDB) 7.7.50.20140303-cvs
Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.  Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "i686-pc-mingw32".
Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.
For help, type "help".
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word".

This binary was built by Equation Solution <http://www.Equation.com>...
Reading symbols from qks.exe...done.
(gdb) b main
Breakpoint 1 at 0x4015c5: file qks.c, line 59.
(gdb) r -d -1 "C:\Users\user\Music\Radiohead\Creep.mp3"
Starting program: C:\Users\user\Documents\Projects\sound\qks.exe -d -1 "C:\Users\user\Music\Radiohead\Creep.mp3"
[New Thread 2708.0x16f4]
[New Thread 2708.0x4c0]

Breakpoint 1, main (argc=4, argv=0xab2390) at qks.c:59
59              HINSTANCE bass=LoadLibrary("bass.dll"); // load BASS
(gdb) n
[New Thread 2708.0xd28]
60              BASS_Init=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_Init"); // get BASS_Init
(gdb)
61              BASS_GetVersion=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_GetVersion");
(gdb)
62              BASS_Free=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_Free");
(gdb)
63              BASS_SetVolume=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_SetVolume");
(gdb)
64              BASS_SetConfig=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_SetConfig");
(gdb)
65              BASS_SampleFree=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_SampleFree");
(gdb)
66              BASS_SampleLoad=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_SampleLoad");
(gdb)
67              BASS_SampleGetChannel=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_SampleGetChannel");
(gdb)
68              BASS_ChannelPlay=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_ChannelPlay");
(gdb)
69              BASS_ChannelStop=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_ChannelStop");
(gdb)
70              BASS_GetVolume=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_GetVolume");
(gdb)
71              BASS_GetVersion=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_GetVersion");
(gdb)
72              BASS_GetCPU=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_GetCPU");
(gdb)
73              BASS_Pause=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_Pause");
(gdb)
74              BASS_Start=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_Start");
(gdb)
75              BASS_MusicFree=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_MusicFree");
(gdb)
76              BASS_MusicLoad=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_MusicLoad");
(gdb)
77              BASS_ChannelSetAttribute=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_ChannelSetAttribute");
(gdb)
78              BASS_StreamCreateFile=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_StreamCreateFile");
(gdb)
79              BASS_ErrorGetCode=GetProcAddress(bass,"BASS_ErrorGetCode");
(gdb)
80              BASS_StreamCreateURL=GetProcAddress(bass, "BASS_StreamCreateURL");
(gdb)
81              BASS_ChannelGetLength=GetProcAddress(bass, "BASS_ChannelGetLength");
(gdb)
82              BASS_StreamGetFilePosition=GetProcAddress(bass, "BASS_StreamGetFilePosition");
(gdb)
83              BASS_ChannelGetAttribute=GetProcAddress(bass, "BASS_ChannelGetAttribute");
(gdb)
84              BASS_ChannelGetTags=GetProcAddress(bass, "BASS_ChannelGetTags");
(gdb)
85              BASS_ChannelGetLength=GetProcAddress(bass, "BASS_ChannelGetLength");
(gdb)
86              BASS_ChannelBytes2Seconds=GetProcAddress(bass, "BASS_ChannelBytes2Seconds");
(gdb)
87              BASS_ChannelIsActive=GetProcAddress(bass, "BASS_ChannelIsActive");
(gdb)
88              BASS_ChannelGetLevel=GetProcAddress(bass, "BASS_ChannelGetLevel");
(gdb)
89              BASS_ChannelGetPosition=GetProcAddress(bass, "BASS_ChannelGetPosition");
(gdb)
90              BASS_ChannelSlideAttribute=GetProcAddress(bass, "BASS_ChannelSlideAttribute");
(gdb)
95          int a,device=-1;
(gdb)
97          printf("Simple console mode BASS example : MOD/MPx/OGG/WAV player\n"
(gdb)
101         if (HIWORD(BASS_GetVersion())!=BASSVERSION) {
(gdb)
0x744d59c6 in ?? ()
(gdb) ni
0x744b10f9 in ?? () from C:\Users\user\Documents\Projects\sound\bass.dll
(gdb)
0x744b45c5 in ?? () from C:\Users\user\Documents\Projects\sound\bass.dll
(gdb)
0x744b45c6 in ?? () from C:\Users\user\Documents\Projects\sound\bass.dll
(gdb)
0x744b45cc in ?? () from C:\Users\user\Documents\Projects\sound\bass.dll
(gdb)
0x744b45d2 in ?? () from C:\Users\user\Documents\Projects\sound\bass.dll
(gdb)
0x744b45d4 in ?? () from C:\Users\user\Documents\Projects\sound\bass.dll
(gdb)
0x744b45d6 in ?? () from C:\Users\user\Documents\Projects\sound\bass.dll
(gdb)
0x744b45ee in ?? () from C:\Users\user\Documents\Projects\sound\bass.dll
(gdb)
0x744b45f0 in ?? () from C:\Users\user\Documents\Projects\sound\bass.dll
(gdb)
0x744b45f1 in ?? () from C:\Users\user\Documents\Projects\sound\bass.dll
(gdb)
0x744b10fe in ?? () from C:\Users\user\Documents\Projects\sound\bass.dll
(gdb)
0x744b1101 in ?? () from C:\Users\user\Documents\Projects\sound\bass.dll
(gdb)
0x744b1103 in ?? () from C:\Users\user\Documents\Projects\sound\bass.dll
(gdb)
0x744b1104 in ?? () from C:\Users\user\Documents\Projects\sound\bass.dll
(gdb)
0x744d59cb in ?? ()
(gdb)
0x744d59d0 in ?? ()
(gdb)
0x00401976 in main (argc=4, argv=0xab2390) at qks.c:101
101         if (HIWORD(BASS_GetVersion())!=BASSVERSION) {
(gdb) n
106         for (a=1;a<argc;a++) {
(gdb)
107             if (!strcmp(argv[a],"-l")) {
(gdb)
110             } else if (!strcmp(argv[a],"-d") && a+1<argc) device=atoi(argv[++a]);
(gdb)
106         for (a=1;a<argc;a++) {
(gdb)
107             if (!strcmp(argv[a],"-l")) {
(gdb)
110             } else if (!strcmp(argv[a],"-d") && a+1<argc) device=atoi(argv[++a]);
(gdb)
113         if (a!=argc-1) {
(gdb)
121         if (!BASS_Init(device,44100,0,0,NULL))
(gdb)
0x744d3dc5 in ?? ()
(gdb) ni
0x744d3dc6 in ?? ()
(gdb)
0x744d3dca in ?? ()
(gdb)
0x744d3dcd in ?? ()
(gdb)
0x744d3dd3 in ?? ()
(gdb)
0x744d3dd4 in ?? ()
(gdb)
0x744d3dd5 in ?? ()
(gdb)
0x744b462e in ?? () from C:\Users\user\Documents\Projects\sound\bass.dll
(gdb)
0x744b4630 in ?? () from C:\Users\user\Documents\Projects\sound\bass.dll
(gdb)
0x744b4644 in ?? () from C:\Users\user\Documents\Projects\sound\bass.dll
(gdb)
0x744b4646 in ?? () from C:\Users\user\Documents\Projects\sound\bass.dll
(gdb)
0x744d3dda in ?? ()
(gdb)
0x744d3ddc in ?? ()
(gdb)
0x744d3dde in ?? ()
(gdb)
0x744d3de0 in ?? ()
(gdb)
0x744d3de2 in ?? ()
(gdb)
0x744d3de3 in ?? ()
(gdb)
0x744d3da9 in ?? ()
(gdb)
0x744d3daa in ?? ()
(gdb)
0x744b470b in ?? () from C:\Users\user\Documents\Projects\sound\bass.dll
(gdb)
0x744b4710 in ?? () from C:\Users\user\Documents\Projects\sound\bass.dll
(gdb)
[New Thread 2708.0x109c]
[New Thread 2708.0x1098]
[New Thread 2708.0xcdc]
[New Thread 2708.0x760]
[New Thread 2708.0x1674]
[New Thread 2708.0x1834]
[New Thread 2708.0x390]
[New Thread 2708.0x1314] <-- здесь начинает играть музыка
                             программу пришлось "убивать" через диспетчер
                             задач, т.к. музыка играет заново снова и снова.   
[Thread 2708.0xd28 exited with code 1]
[Thread 2708.0x4c0 exited with code 1]
[Thread 2708.0x109c exited with code 1]
[Thread 2708.0xcdc exited with code 1]
[Thread 2708.0x1098 exited with code 1]
[Thread 2708.0x1674 exited with code 1]
[Thread 2708.0x760 exited with code 1]
[Thread 2708.0x1834 exited with code 1]
[Thread 2708.0x390 exited with code 1]
[Thread 2708.0x1314 exited with code 1]
[Inferior 1 (process 2708) exited with code 01]

系统：

OS: Windows 10 x64
CPU: AMD A9-9410 RADEON R5, COMPUTE CORES 2C+3G  2.90 GHz

编译和运行命令：

gcc.exe -g -std=c11 -m32 -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -lbass -mwindows qks.c -o qks.exe
qks.exe -d -1 "C:\Users\user\Music\Eminem\Rap God.mp3"